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Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Report, History and Forecast 2024-2034, Breakdown Data by Companies, Key Regions, Types and Application


Published on: 2024-01-04 | No of Pages : 400 | Industry : Pharma & Healthcare

Publisher : MRA | Format : PDF

Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Report, History and Forecast 2024-2034, Breakdown Data by Companies, Key Regions, Types and Application

Granulysin (GNLY) is a protein expressed in most mammals which functions as an antimicrobial peptide released by killer lymphocytes in cytotoxic granules. It is a pore-forming peptide, as it can puncture a microbial cell wall, allowing for other death-inducing enzymes to enter the microbe and cause microptosis. GNLY is inhibited by cholesterol, and is most effective in helping to kill cholesterol-deficient microbes.
Granulysin (GNLY) report published by Mr Accuracy reports reveals that COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War impacted the market dually in 2022. Global Granulysin (GNLY) market is projected to reach US$ million in 2034, increasing from US$ million in 2022, with the CAGR of % during the period of 2024 to 2034. Demand from Medical Science and Experiment are the major drivers for the industry.
North America, Europe and Asia Pacific are the key regions for Granulysin (GNLY) industry. Among those areas, stimulated by rigid demand from downstream industries, Asia Pacific is estimated to experience fast growth, with the CAGR of % during 2024 to 2034.
Globally, Granulysin (GNLY) key companies include BioLegend, BD Biosciences, Thermofisher Scienific, Proteintech Group and Merck KGaA, etc. BioLegend, BD Biosciences, Thermofisher Scienific are top 3 players and held % share in total in 2022.
Granulysin (GNLY) can be divided into 9 KDa GNLY and 15 KDa GNLY, etc. 9 KDa GNLY is the mainstream product in the market, accounting for % share globally in 2022.
Granulysin (GNLY) is widely used in various fields, such as Medical Science, Experiment and Other,, etc. Medical Science provides greatest supports to the Granulysin (GNLY) industry development. In 2022, global % share of Granulysin (GNLY) went into Medical Science filed.
Report Scope
This report, based on historical analysis (2024-2022) and forecast calculation (2024-2034), aims to help readers to get a comprehensive understanding of global Granulysin (GNLY) market with multiple angles, which provides sufficient supports to readers’ strategy and decision making.
Companies, Type, Application and Regions Listed in the Report



By Company


BioLegend
BD Biosciences
Thermofisher Scienific
Proteintech Group
Merck KGaA
Segment by Type
9 KDa GNLY
15 KDa GNLY

Segment by Application


Medical Science
Experiment
Other
By Region
North America
United States
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Nordic Countries

Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
Southeast Asia
India
Australia

Latin America
Mexico
Brazil

Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Each chapter of the report provides detailed information for readers to understand the Granulysin (GNLY) market further
Chapter 1Global and regional market size and CAGR for the history and forecast period (2024-2024, 2024-2034).
Chapter 2Product Types and Revenue analysis of Each Type in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa from 2024 to 2024.
Chapter 3Product Application and Revenue analysis of Each Application in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa from 2024 to 2024.
Chapter 4Company Competition Status, Detailed analysis of Product Name companies’ competitive landscape, revenue, market share and ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 5Companies’ Outline, covering company’s basic information, Granulysin (GNLY) introduction, etc. Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue and Gross Margin of each company as well as Recent Development are also contained in this part.
Chapter 6 to 10Country Level analysis of North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa by revenue.
Chapter 11Market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by companies in the industry.
Chapter 12Mr Accuracy reports’s Conclusions of Granulysin (GNLY) market based on comprehensive survey.
Chapter 13Methodology and Data Sources adopted by Mr Accuracy reports.

Table of Content

1 Market Overview of Granulysin (GNLY)
1.1 Granulysin (GNLY) Market Overview
1.1.1 Granulysin (GNLY) Product Scope
1.1.2 Granulysin (GNLY) Market Status and Outlook
1.2 Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size Overview by Region 2024 VS 2022 VS 2034
1.3 Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Region (2024-2034)
1.4 Global Granulysin (GNLY) Historic Market Size by Region (2024-2024)
1.5 Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size Forecast by Region (2024-2034)
1.6 Key Regions, Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034)
1.6.1 North America Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034)
1.6.2 Europe Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034)
1.6.3 Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034)
1.6.4 Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034)
1.6.5 Middle East & Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034)
2 Granulysin (GNLY) Market by Type
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 9 KDa GNLY
2.1.2 15 KDa GNLY
2.2 Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Type: 2024 VS 2022 VS 2034
2.2.1 Global Granulysin (GNLY) Historic Market Size by Type (2024-2024)
2.2.2 Global Granulysin (GNLY) Forecasted Market Size by Type (2024-2034)
2.3 Key Regions Market Size by Type
2.3.1 North America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Breakdown by Type (2024-2034)
2.3.2 Europe Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Breakdown by Type (2024-2034)
2.3.3 Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Breakdown by Type (2024-2034)
2.3.4 Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Breakdown by Type (2024-2034)
2.3.5 Middle East and Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Breakdown by Type (2024-2034)
3 Granulysin (GNLY) Market Overview by Application
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Medical Science
3.1.2 Experiment
3.1.3 Other
3.2 Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Application: 2024 VS 2022 VS 2034
3.2.1 Global Granulysin (GNLY) Historic Market Size by Application (2024-2024)
3.2.2 Global Granulysin (GNLY) Forecasted Market Size by Application (2024-2034)
3.3 Key Regions Market Size by Application
3.3.1 North America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Breakdown by Application (2024-2034)
3.3.2 Europe Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Breakdown by Application (2024-2034)
3.3.3 Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Breakdown by Application (2024-2034)
3.3.4 Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Breakdown by Application (2024-2034)
3.3.5 Middle East and Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Breakdown by Application (2024-2034)
4 Granulysin (GNLY) Competition Analysis by Players
4.1 Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Players (2024-2024)
4.2 Global Top Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Granulysin (GNLY) as of 2022)
4.3 Date of Key Players Enter into Granulysin (GNLY) Market
4.4 Global Top Players Granulysin (GNLY) Headquarters and Area Served
4.5 Key Players Granulysin (GNLY) Product Solution and Service
4.6 Competitive Status
4.6.1 Granulysin (GNLY) Market Concentration Rate
4.6.2 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
5 Company (Top Players) Profiles
5.1 BioLegend
5.1.1 BioLegend Profile
5.1.2 BioLegend Main Business
5.1.3 BioLegend Granulysin (GNLY) Products, Services and Solutions
5.1.4 BioLegend Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue (US$ Million) & (2024-2024)
5.1.5 BioLegend Recent Developments
5.2 BD Biosciences
5.2.1 BD Biosciences Profile
5.2.2 BD Biosciences Main Business
5.2.3 BD Biosciences Granulysin (GNLY) Products, Services and Solutions
5.2.4 BD Biosciences Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue (US$ Million) & (2024-2024)
5.2.5 BD Biosciences Recent Developments
5.3 Thermofisher Scienific
5.3.1 Thermofisher Scienific Profile
5.3.2 Thermofisher Scienific Main Business
5.3.3 Thermofisher Scienific Granulysin (GNLY) Products, Services and Solutions
5.3.4 Thermofisher Scienific Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue (US$ Million) & (2024-2024)
5.3.5 Proteintech Group Recent Developments
5.4 Proteintech Group
5.4.1 Proteintech Group Profile
5.4.2 Proteintech Group Main Business
5.4.3 Proteintech Group Granulysin (GNLY) Products, Services and Solutions
5.4.4 Proteintech Group Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue (US$ Million) & (2024-2024)
5.4.5 Proteintech Group Recent Developments
5.5 Merck KGaA
5.5.1 Merck KGaA Profile
5.5.2 Merck KGaA Main Business
5.5.3 Merck KGaA Granulysin (GNLY) Products, Services and Solutions
5.5.4 Merck KGaA Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue (US$ Million) & (2024-2024)
5.5.5 Merck KGaA Recent Developments
6 North America
6.1 North America Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Country (2024-2034)
6.2 United States
6.3 Canada
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Country (2024-2034)
7.2 Germany
7.3 France
7.4 U.K.
7.5 Italy
7.6 Russia
7.7 Nordic Countries
7.8 Rest of Europe
8 Asia-Pacific
8.1 Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Region (2024-2034)
8.2 China
8.3 Japan
8.4 South Korea
8.5 Southeast Asia
8.6 India
8.7 Australia
8.8 Rest of Asia-Pacific
9 Latin America
9.1 Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Country (2024-2034)
9.2 Mexico
9.3 Brazil
9.4 Rest of Latin America
10 Middle East & Africa
10.1 Middle East & Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Country (2024-2034)
10.2 Turkey
10.3 Saudi Arabia
10.4 UAE
10.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa
11 Granulysin (GNLY) Market Dynamics
11.1 Granulysin (GNLY) Industry Trends
11.2 Granulysin (GNLY) Market Drivers
11.3 Granulysin (GNLY) Market Challenges
11.4 Granulysin (GNLY) Market Restraints
12 Research Finding /Conclusion
13 Methodology and Data Source
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer
13.4 Author List

List of Figure

List of Tables
Table 1. Global Market Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (US$ Million) Comparison by Region 2024 VS 2022 VS 2034
Table 2. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Region (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size Share by Region (2024-2024)
Table 4. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Forecasted Market Size by Region (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 5. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Forecasted Market Size Share by Region (2024-2034)
Table 6. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (US$ Million) by Type: 2024 VS 2022 VS 2034
Table 7. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Type (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 8. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Type (2024-2024)
Table 9. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Forecasted Market Size by Type (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 10. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Type (2024-2034)
Table 11. North America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Type (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 12. North America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Type (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 13. Europe Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Type (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 14. Europe Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Type (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 15. Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Type (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Type (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 17. Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Type (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 18. Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Type (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 19. Middle East and Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Type (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 20. Middle East and Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Type (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 21. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (US$ Million) by Application: 2024 VS 2022 VS 2034
Table 22. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Application (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 23. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Application (2024-2024)
Table 24. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Forecasted Market Size by Application (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 25. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Application (2024-2034)
Table 26. North America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Application (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 27. North America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Application (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Europe Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Application (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Europe Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Application (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 30. Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Application (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 31. Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Application (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 32. Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Application (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 33. Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Application (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. Middle East and Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Application (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Middle East and Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue by Application (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue (US$ Million) by Players (2024-2024)
Table 37. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Players (2024-2024)
Table 38. Global Top Players Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Granulysin (GNLY) as of 2022)
Table 39. Date of Key Players Enter into Granulysin (GNLY) Market
Table 40. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Key Players Headquarters and Area Served
Table 41. Granulysin (GNLY) Product Solution and Service
Table 42. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 43. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 44. BioLegend Basic Information List
Table 45. BioLegend Description and Business Overview
Table 46. BioLegend Granulysin (GNLY) Products, Services and Solutions
Table 47. Revenue (US$ Million) in Granulysin (GNLY) Business of BioLegend (2024-2024)
Table 48. BioLegend Recent Developments
Table 49. BD Biosciences Basic Information List
Table 50. BD Biosciences Description and Business Overview
Table 51. BD Biosciences Granulysin (GNLY) Products, Services and Solutions
Table 52. Revenue (US$ Million) in Granulysin (GNLY) Business of BD Biosciences (2024-2024)
Table 53. BD Biosciences Recent Developments
Table 54. Thermofisher Scienific Basic Information List
Table 55. Thermofisher Scienific Description and Business Overview
Table 56. Thermofisher Scienific Granulysin (GNLY) Products, Services and Solutions
Table 57. Revenue (US$ Million) in Granulysin (GNLY) Business of Thermofisher Scienific (2024-2024)
Table 58. Thermofisher Scienific Recent Developments
Table 59. Proteintech Group Basic Information List
Table 60. Proteintech Group Description and Business Overview
Table 61. Proteintech Group Granulysin (GNLY) Products, Services and Solutions
Table 62. Revenue (US$ Million) in Granulysin (GNLY) Business of Proteintech Group (2024-2024)
Table 63. Proteintech Group Recent Developments
Table 64. Merck KGaA Basic Information List
Table 65. Merck KGaA Description and Business Overview
Table 66. Merck KGaA Granulysin (GNLY) Products, Services and Solutions
Table 67. Revenue (US$ Million) in Granulysin (GNLY) Business of Merck KGaA (2024-2024)
Table 68. Merck KGaA Recent Developments
Table 69. North America Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Country (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 70. North America Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Country (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 71. Europe Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Country (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 72. Europe Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Country (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 73. Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region (US$ Million): 2024 VS 2022 VS 2034
Table 74. Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Region (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 75. Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Region (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 76. Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Market Share by Region (2024-2024)
Table 77. Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Market Share by Region (2024-2034)
Table 78. Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region (US$ Million): 2024 VS 2022 VS 2034
Table 79. Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Country (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 80. Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Country (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 81. Middle East & Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Region (US$ Million): 2024 VS 2022 VS 2034
Table 82. Middle East & Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Country (2024-2024) & (US$ Million)
Table 83. Middle East & Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size by Country (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Table 84. Granulysin (GNLY) Market Trends
Table 85. Granulysin (GNLY) Market Drivers
Table 86. Granulysin (GNLY) Market Challenges
Table 87. Granulysin (GNLY) Market Restraints
Table 88. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 89. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 90. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size Year-over-Year 2024-2034 & (US$ Million)
Figure 2. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (US$ Million), 2024 VS 2022 VS 2034
Figure 3. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Share by Regions: 2022 VS 2034
Figure 4. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Forecasted Market Size Share by Region (2024-2034)
Figure 5. North America Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size Growth Rate (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 6. Europe Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size Growth Rate (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 7. Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size Growth Rate (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 8. Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size Growth Rate (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 9. Middle East & Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size Growth Rate (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 10. Product Picture of 9 KDa GNLY
Figure 11. Global 9 KDa GNLY Market Size (US$ Million) & YoY Growth (2024-2034)
Figure 12. Product Picture of 15 KDa GNLY
Figure 13. Global 15 KDa GNLY Market Size (US$ Million) & YoY Growth (2024-2034)
Figure 14. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size Share by Type: 2022 & 2034
Figure 15. North America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Type (2024-2034)
Figure 16. Europe Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Type (2024-2034)
Figure 17. Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Type (2024-2034)
Figure 18. Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Type (2024-2034)
Figure 19. Middle East and Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Type (2024-2034)
Figure 20. Medical Science Market Size (US$ Million) & YoY Growth (2024-2034)
Figure 21. Experiment Market Size (US$ Million) & YoY Growth (2024-2034)
Figure 22. Other Market Size (US$ Million) & YoY Growth (2024-2034)
Figure 23. Global Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size Share by Application: 2022 & 2034
Figure 24. North America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Application (2024-2034)
Figure 25. Europe Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Application (2024-2034)
Figure 26. Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Application (2024-2034)
Figure 27. Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Application (2024-2034)
Figure 28. Middle East and Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Revenue Market Share by Application (2024-2034)
Figure 29. Granulysin (GNLY) Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2024 VS 2022
Figure 30. Global Top 5 and Top 10 Players Granulysin (GNLY) Market Share in 2022
Figure 31. North America Granulysin (GNLY) Market Share by Country (2024-2034)
Figure 32. United States Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 33. Canada Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 34. Germany Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 35. France Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. U.K. Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 37. Italy Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 38. Russia Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. Nordic Countries Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 40. Asia-Pacific Granulysin (GNLY) Market Share by Region (2024-2034)
Figure 41. China Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 42. Japan Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 43. South Korea Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 44. Southeast Asia Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 45. India Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Australia Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Latin America Granulysin (GNLY) Market Share by Country (2024-2034)
Figure 48. Mexico Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 49. Brazil Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 50. Middle East & Africa Granulysin (GNLY) Market Share by Country (2024-2034)
Figure 51. Turkey Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 52. Saudi Arabia Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 53. UAE Granulysin (GNLY) Market Size (2024-2034) & (US$ Million)
Figure 54. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report