Table of Content

1 Report Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
1.2.2 Software & Service
1.2.3 Platform
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Growth by Application: 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
1.3.2 Upstream
1.3.3 Midstream
1.3.4 Downstream
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Perspective (2018-2033)
2.2 Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Growth Trends by Region
2.2.1 Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Region: 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
2.2.2 Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Historic Market Size by Region (2018-2023)
2.2.3 Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Forecasted Market Size by Region (2024-2033)
2.3 Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Dynamics
2.3.1 Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Industry Trends
2.3.2 Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Drivers
2.3.3 Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Challenges
2.3.4 Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Restraints
3 Competition Landscape by Key Players
3.1 Global Top Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Players by Revenue
3.1.1 Global Top Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Players by Revenue (2018-2023)
3.1.2 Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Revenue Market Share by Players (2018-2023)
3.2 Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Revenue
3.4 Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Concentration Ratio
3.4.1 Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Revenue in 2023
3.5 Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Key Players Head office and Area Served
3.6 Key Players Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Product Solution and Service
3.7 Date of Enter into Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Breakdown Data by Type
4.1 Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Historic Market Size by Type (2018-2023)
4.2 Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Forecasted Market Size by Type (2024-2033)
5 Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Breakdown Data by Application
5.1 Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Historic Market Size by Application (2018-2023)
5.2 Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Forecasted Market Size by Application (2024-2033)
6 North America
6.1 North America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size (2018-2033)
6.2 North America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
6.3 North America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2018-2023)
6.4 North America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2024-2033)
6.5 United States
6.6 Canada
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size (2018-2033)
7.2 Europe Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
7.3 Europe Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2018-2023)
7.4 Europe Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2024-2033)
7.5 Germany
7.6 France
7.7 U.K.
7.8 Italy
7.9 Russia
7.10 Nordic Countries
8 Asia-Pacific
8.1 Asia-Pacific Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size (2018-2033)
8.2 Asia-Pacific Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Growth Rate by Region: 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
8.3 Asia-Pacific Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Region (2018-2023)
8.4 Asia-Pacific Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Region (2024-2033)
8.5 China
8.6 Japan
8.7 South Korea
8.8 Southeast Asia
8.9 India
8.10 Australia
9 Latin America
9.1 Latin America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size (2018-2033)
9.2 Latin America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
9.3 Latin America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2018-2023)
9.4 Latin America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2024-2033)
9.5 Mexico
9.6 Brazil
10 Middle East & Africa
10.1 Middle East & Africa Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size (2018-2033)
10.2 Middle East & Africa Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
10.3 Middle East & Africa Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2018-2023)
10.4 Middle East & Africa Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2024-2033)
10.5 Turkey
10.6 Saudi Arabia
10.7 UAE
11 Key Players Profiles
11.1 IBM
11.1.1 IBM Company Detail
11.1.2 IBM Business Overview
11.1.3 IBM Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Introduction
11.1.4 IBM Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
11.1.5 IBM Recent Development
11.2 Microsoft
11.2.1 Microsoft Company Detail
11.2.2 Microsoft Business Overview
11.2.3 Microsoft Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Introduction
11.2.4 Microsoft Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
11.2.5 Microsoft Recent Development
11.3 Amazon Web Services
11.3.1 Amazon Web Services Company Detail
11.3.2 Amazon Web Services Business Overview
11.3.3 Amazon Web Services Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Introduction
11.3.4 Amazon Web Services Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
11.3.5 Amazon Web Services Recent Development
11.4 SAP
11.4.1 SAP Company Detail
11.4.2 SAP Business Overview
11.4.3 SAP Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Introduction
11.4.4 SAP Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
11.4.5 SAP Recent Development
11.5 Oracle
11.5.1 Oracle Company Detail
11.5.2 Oracle Business Overview
11.5.3 Oracle Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Introduction
11.5.4 Oracle Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
11.5.5 Oracle Recent Development
11.6 Splunk
11.6.1 Splunk Company Detail
11.6.2 Splunk Business Overview
11.6.3 Splunk Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Introduction
11.6.4 Splunk Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
11.6.5 Splunk Recent Development
11.7 Hewlett-Packard
11.7.1 Hewlett-Packard Company Detail
11.7.2 Hewlett-Packard Business Overview
11.7.3 Hewlett-Packard Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Introduction
11.7.4 Hewlett-Packard Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
11.7.5 Hewlett-Packard Recent Development
11.8 Teradata
11.8.1 Teradata Company Detail
11.8.2 Teradata Business Overview
11.8.3 Teradata Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Introduction
11.8.4 Teradata Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
11.8.5 Teradata Recent Development
11.9 Cloudera
11.9.1 Cloudera Company Detail
11.9.2 Cloudera Business Overview
11.9.3 Cloudera Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Introduction
11.9.4 Cloudera Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
11.9.5 Cloudera Recent Development
11.10 Tableau Software
11.10.1 Tableau Software Company Detail
11.10.2 Tableau Software Business Overview
11.10.3 Tableau Software Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Introduction
11.10.4 Tableau Software Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
11.10.5 Tableau Software Recent Development
12 Analyst's Viewpoints/Conclusions
13 Appendix
13.1 Research Methodology
13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.2 Data Source
13.2 Disclaimer
13.3 Author Details

List of Figure

List of Tables
Table 1. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size Growth Rate by Type (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
Table 2. Key Players of Software & Service
Table 3. Key Players of Platform
Table 4. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size Growth by Application (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
Table 5. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
Table 6. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Region (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Share by Region (2018-2023)
Table 8. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Forecasted Market Size by Region (2024-2033) & (US$ Million)
Table 9. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Share by Region (2024-2033)
Table 10. Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Trends
Table 11. Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Drivers
Table 12. Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Challenges
Table 13. Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Restraints
Table 14. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Revenue by Players (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 15. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Share by Players (2018-2023)
Table 16. Global Top Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption as of 2023)
Table 17. Ranking of Global Top Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Companies by Revenue (US$ Million) in 2023
Table 18. Global 5 Largest Players Market Share by Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Revenue (CR5 and HHI) & (2018-2023)
Table 19. Key Players Headquarters and Area Served
Table 20. Key Players Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Product Solution and Service
Table 21. Date of Enter into Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market
Table 22. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 23. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Type (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 24. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Revenue Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
Table 25. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Forecasted Market Size by Type (2024-2033) & (US$ Million)
Table 26. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Revenue Market Share by Type (2024-2033)
Table 27. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Application (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 28. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Revenue Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
Table 29. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Forecasted Market Size by Application (2024-2033) & (US$ Million)
Table 30. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Revenue Market Share by Application (2024-2033)
Table 31. North America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
Table 32. North America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 33. North America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2024-2033) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. Europe Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
Table 35. Europe Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 36. Europe Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2024-2033) & (US$ Million)
Table 37. Asia-Pacific Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size Growth Rate by Region (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
Table 38. Asia-Pacific Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Region (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 39. Asia-Pacific Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Region (2024-2033) & (US$ Million)
Table 40. Latin America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
Table 41. Latin America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 42. Latin America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2024-2033) & (US$ Million)
Table 43. Middle East & Africa Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
Table 44. Middle East & Africa Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 45. Middle East & Africa Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size by Country (2024-2033) & (US$ Million)
Table 46. IBM Company Detail
Table 47. IBM Business Overview
Table 48. IBM Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Product
Table 49. IBM Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 50. IBM Recent Development
Table 51. Microsoft Company Detail
Table 52. Microsoft Business Overview
Table 53. Microsoft Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Product
Table 54. Microsoft Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 55. Microsoft Recent Development
Table 56. Amazon Web Services Company Detail
Table 57. Amazon Web Services Business Overview
Table 58. Amazon Web Services Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Product
Table 59. Amazon Web Services Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 60. Amazon Web Services Recent Development
Table 61. SAP Company Detail
Table 62. SAP Business Overview
Table 63. SAP Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Product
Table 64. SAP Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 65. SAP Recent Development
Table 66. Oracle Company Detail
Table 67. Oracle Business Overview
Table 68. Oracle Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Product
Table 69. Oracle Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 70. Oracle Recent Development
Table 71. Splunk Company Detail
Table 72. Splunk Business Overview
Table 73. Splunk Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Product
Table 74. Splunk Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 75. Splunk Recent Development
Table 76. Hewlett-Packard Company Detail
Table 77. Hewlett-Packard Business Overview
Table 78. Hewlett-Packard Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Product
Table 79. Hewlett-Packard Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 80. Hewlett-Packard Recent Development
Table 81. Teradata Company Detail
Table 82. Teradata Business Overview
Table 83. Teradata Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Product
Table 84. Teradata Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 85. Teradata Recent Development
Table 86. Cloudera Company Detail
Table 87. Cloudera Business Overview
Table 88. Cloudera Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Product
Table 89. Cloudera Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 90. Cloudera Recent Development
Table 91. Tableau Software Company Detail
Table 92. Tableau Software Business Overview
Table 93. Tableau Software Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Product
Table 94. Tableau Software Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 95. Tableau Software Recent Development
Table 96. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 97. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 98. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size Comparison by Type (2023-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 2. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Share by Type: 2023 VS 2033
Figure 3. Software & Service Features
Figure 4. Platform Features
Figure 5. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size Comparison by Application (2023-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 6. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Share by Application: 2023 VS 2033
Figure 7. Upstream Case Studies
Figure 8. Midstream Case Studies
Figure 9. Downstream Case Studies
Figure 10. Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Report Years Considered
Figure 11. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size (US$ Million), Year-over-Year: 2018-2033
Figure 12. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size, (US$ Million), 2018 VS 2023 VS 2033
Figure 13. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Share by Region: 2023 VS 2033
Figure 14. Global Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Share by Players in 2023
Figure 15. Global Top Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption as of 2023)
Figure 16. The Top 10 and 5 Players Market Share by Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Revenue in 2023
Figure 17. North America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 18. North America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Share by Country (2018-2033)
Figure 19. United States Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 20. Canada Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 21. Europe Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 22. Europe Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Share by Country (2018-2033)
Figure 23. Germany Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 24. France Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 25. U.K. Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 26. Italy Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 27. Russia Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 28. Nordic Countries Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 29. Asia-Pacific Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 30. Asia-Pacific Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Share by Region (2018-2033)
Figure 31. China Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 32. Japan Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 33. South Korea Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 34. Southeast Asia Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 35. India Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. Australia Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 37. Latin America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 38. Latin America Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Share by Country (2018-2033)
Figure 39. Mexico Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 40. Brazil Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 41. Middle East & Africa Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 42. Middle East & Africa Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Share by Country (2018-2033)
Figure 43. Turkey Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 44. Saudi Arabia Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2033) & (US$ Million)
Figure 45. IBM Revenue Growth Rate in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
Figure 46. Microsoft Revenue Growth Rate in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
Figure 47. Amazon Web Services Revenue Growth Rate in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
Figure 48. SAP Revenue Growth Rate in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
Figure 49. Oracle Revenue Growth Rate in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Splunk Revenue Growth Rate in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
Figure 51. Hewlett-Packard Revenue Growth Rate in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
Figure 52. Teradata Revenue Growth Rate in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
Figure 53. Cloudera Revenue Growth Rate in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
Figure 54. Tableau Software Revenue Growth Rate in Big Data in Oil and Gas Sector Consumption Business (2018-2023)
Figure 55. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 56. Data Triangulation
Figure 57. Key Executives Interviewed