VPN Services
The global VPN Services market is expected to reach US$ XX Million by 2028, with a CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2028, based on MRA newly published report.
The prime objective of this report is to provide the insights on the post COVID-19 impact which will help market players in this field evaluate their business approaches. Also, this report covers market segmentation by major market verdors, types, applications/end users and geography(North America, East Asia, Europe, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, South America).
By Market Verdors
NordVPN
ZenMate
ExpressVPN
Perimeter 81
Cisco AnyConnect
Hide.me
Norton WiFi Privacy
Speedify
CyberGhost
OEM VPN Unlimited
GooseVPN
VyprVPN
KeepSolid VPN Lite
Trunkspace PrivateVPN
FastestVPN
ButterflyVPN Router
KeepSolid
ZoogVPN
Mullvad
FrootVPN
By Types
Remote Access VPN
Site-to-Site VPN
By Applications
Students and workers
Security enthusiasts
World travelers
Businesses and websites
Key Indicators Analysed
Market Players & Competitor AnalysisThe report covers the key players of the industry including Company Profile, Product Specifications, Production Capacity/Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin 2017-2028 & Sales with a thorough analysis of the market’s competitive landscape and detailed information on vendors and comprehensive details of factors that will challenge the growth of major market vendors.
Global and Regional Market AnalysisThe report includes Global & Regional market status and outlook 2017-2028. Further the report provides break down details about each region & countries covered in the report. Identifying its sales, sales volume & revenue forecast. With detailed analysis by types and applications.
Market TrendsMarket key trends which include Increased Competition and Continuous Innovations.
Opportunities and DriversIdentifying the Growing Demands and New Technology
Porters Five Force AnalysisThe report provides with the state of competition in industry depending on five basic forcesthreat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry.
Key Reasons to Purchase
To gain insightful analyses of the market and have comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape.
Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk.
To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact in the global market.
Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations.
To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market.
Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements.
Table of Content
Chapter 1 Industry Overview
1.1 Definition
1.2 Assumptions
1.3 Research Scope
1.4 Market Analysis by Regions
1.4.1 North America Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.2 East Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.3 Europe Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.4 South Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.6 Middle East Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.7 Africa Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.8 Oceania Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.4.9 South America Market States and Outlook (2023-2028)
1.5 Global VPN Services Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028
1.5.1 Global VPN Services Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Consumption Volume
1.5.2 Global VPN Services Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Value
1.5.3 Global VPN Services Price Trends Analysis from 2023 to 2028
1.6 COVID-19 Outbreak: VPN Services Industry Impact
Chapter 2 Global VPN Services Competition by Types, Applications, and Top Regions and Countries
2.1 Global VPN Services (Volume and Value) by Type
2.1.1 Global VPN Services Consumption and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
2.1.2 Global VPN Services Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
2.2 Global VPN Services (Volume and Value) by Application
2.2.1 Global VPN Services Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
2.2.2 Global VPN Services Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
2.3 Global VPN Services (Volume and Value) by Regions
2.3.1 Global VPN Services Consumption and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
2.3.2 Global VPN Services Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Chapter 3 Production Market Analysis
3.1 Global Production Market Analysis
3.1.1 2017-2022 Global Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin Analysis
3.1.2 2017-2022 Major Manufacturers Performance and Market Share
3.2 Regional Production Market Analysis
3.2.1 2017-2022 Regional Market Performance and Market Share
3.2.2 North America Market
3.2.3 East Asia Market
3.2.4 Europe Market
3.2.5 South Asia Market
3.2.6 Southeast Asia Market
3.2.7 Middle East Market
3.2.8 Africa Market
3.2.9 Oceania Market
3.2.10 South America Market
3.2.11 Rest of the World Market
Chapter 4 Global VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2017-2022)
4.1 Global VPN Services Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
4.2 North America VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.3 East Asia VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.4 Europe VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.5 South Asia VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.6 Southeast Asia VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.7 Middle East VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.8 Africa VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.9 Oceania VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
4.10 South America VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Chapter 5 North America VPN Services Market Analysis
5.1 North America VPN Services Consumption and Value Analysis
5.1.1 North America VPN Services Market Under COVID-19
5.2 North America VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
5.3 North America VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
5.4 North America VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
5.4.1 United States VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
5.4.2 Canada VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
5.4.3 Mexico VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 6 East Asia VPN Services Market Analysis
6.1 East Asia VPN Services Consumption and Value Analysis
6.1.1 East Asia VPN Services Market Under COVID-19
6.2 East Asia VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
6.3 East Asia VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
6.4 East Asia VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
6.4.1 China VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
6.4.2 Japan VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
6.4.3 South Korea VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 7 Europe VPN Services Market Analysis
7.1 Europe VPN Services Consumption and Value Analysis
7.1.1 Europe VPN Services Market Under COVID-19
7.2 Europe VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
7.3 Europe VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
7.4 Europe VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
7.4.1 Germany VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.2 UK VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.3 France VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.4 Italy VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.5 Russia VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.6 Spain VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.7 Netherlands VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.8 Switzerland VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
7.4.9 Poland VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 8 South Asia VPN Services Market Analysis
8.1 South Asia VPN Services Consumption and Value Analysis
8.1.1 South Asia VPN Services Market Under COVID-19
8.2 South Asia VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
8.3 South Asia VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
8.4 South Asia VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
8.4.1 India VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
8.4.2 Pakistan VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
8.4.3 Bangladesh VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 9 Southeast Asia VPN Services Market Analysis
9.1 Southeast Asia VPN Services Consumption and Value Analysis
9.1.1 Southeast Asia VPN Services Market Under COVID-19
9.2 Southeast Asia VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
9.3 Southeast Asia VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
9.4 Southeast Asia VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
9.4.1 Indonesia VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.2 Thailand VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.3 Singapore VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.4 Malaysia VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.5 Philippines VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.6 Vietnam VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
9.4.7 Myanmar VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 10 Middle East VPN Services Market Analysis
10.1 Middle East VPN Services Consumption and Value Analysis
10.1.1 Middle East VPN Services Market Under COVID-19
10.2 Middle East VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
10.3 Middle East VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
10.4 Middle East VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
10.4.1 Turkey VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.2 Saudi Arabia VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.3 Iran VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.4 United Arab Emirates VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.5 Israel VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.6 Iraq VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.7 Qatar VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.8 Kuwait VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
10.4.9 Oman VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 11 Africa VPN Services Market Analysis
11.1 Africa VPN Services Consumption and Value Analysis
11.1.1 Africa VPN Services Market Under COVID-19
11.2 Africa VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
11.3 Africa VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
11.4 Africa VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
11.4.1 Nigeria VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.2 South Africa VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.3 Egypt VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.4 Algeria VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
11.4.5 Morocco VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 12 Oceania VPN Services Market Analysis
12.1 Oceania VPN Services Consumption and Value Analysis
12.2 Oceania VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
12.3 Oceania VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
12.4 Oceania VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
12.4.1 Australia VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
12.4.2 New Zealand VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 13 South America VPN Services Market Analysis
13.1 South America VPN Services Consumption and Value Analysis
13.1.1 South America VPN Services Market Under COVID-19
13.2 South America VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
13.3 South America VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
13.4 South America VPN Services Consumption Volume by Major Countries
13.4.1 Brazil VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.2 Argentina VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.3 Columbia VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.4 Chile VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.5 Venezuela VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.6 Peru VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.7 Puerto Rico VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
13.4.8 Ecuador VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Chapter 14 Company Profiles and Key Figures in VPN Services Business
14.1 NordVPN
14.1.1 NordVPN Company Profile
14.1.2 NordVPN VPN Services Product Specification
14.1.3 NordVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.2 ZenMate
14.2.1 ZenMate Company Profile
14.2.2 ZenMate VPN Services Product Specification
14.2.3 ZenMate VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.3 ExpressVPN
14.3.1 ExpressVPN Company Profile
14.3.2 ExpressVPN VPN Services Product Specification
14.3.3 ExpressVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.4 Perimeter 81
14.4.1 Perimeter 81 Company Profile
14.4.2 Perimeter 81 VPN Services Product Specification
14.4.3 Perimeter 81 VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.5 Cisco AnyConnect
14.5.1 Cisco AnyConnect Company Profile
14.5.2 Cisco AnyConnect VPN Services Product Specification
14.5.3 Cisco AnyConnect VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.6 Hide.me
14.6.1 Hide.me Company Profile
14.6.2 Hide.me VPN Services Product Specification
14.6.3 Hide.me VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.7 Norton WiFi Privacy
14.7.1 Norton WiFi Privacy Company Profile
14.7.2 Norton WiFi Privacy VPN Services Product Specification
14.7.3 Norton WiFi Privacy VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.8 Speedify
14.8.1 Speedify Company Profile
14.8.2 Speedify VPN Services Product Specification
14.8.3 Speedify VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.9 CyberGhost
14.9.1 CyberGhost Company Profile
14.9.2 CyberGhost VPN Services Product Specification
14.9.3 CyberGhost VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.10 OEM VPN Unlimited
14.10.1 OEM VPN Unlimited Company Profile
14.10.2 OEM VPN Unlimited VPN Services Product Specification
14.10.3 OEM VPN Unlimited VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.11 GooseVPN
14.11.1 GooseVPN Company Profile
14.11.2 GooseVPN VPN Services Product Specification
14.11.3 GooseVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.12 VyprVPN
14.12.1 VyprVPN Company Profile
14.12.2 VyprVPN VPN Services Product Specification
14.12.3 VyprVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.13 KeepSolid VPN Lite
14.13.1 KeepSolid VPN Lite Company Profile
14.13.2 KeepSolid VPN Lite VPN Services Product Specification
14.13.3 KeepSolid VPN Lite VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.14 Trunkspace PrivateVPN
14.14.1 Trunkspace PrivateVPN Company Profile
14.14.2 Trunkspace PrivateVPN VPN Services Product Specification
14.14.3 Trunkspace PrivateVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.15 FastestVPN
14.15.1 FastestVPN Company Profile
14.15.2 FastestVPN VPN Services Product Specification
14.15.3 FastestVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.16 ButterflyVPN Router
14.16.1 ButterflyVPN Router Company Profile
14.16.2 ButterflyVPN Router VPN Services Product Specification
14.16.3 ButterflyVPN Router VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.17 KeepSolid
14.17.1 KeepSolid Company Profile
14.17.2 KeepSolid VPN Services Product Specification
14.17.3 KeepSolid VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.18 ZoogVPN
14.18.1 ZoogVPN Company Profile
14.18.2 ZoogVPN VPN Services Product Specification
14.18.3 ZoogVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.19 Mullvad
14.19.1 Mullvad Company Profile
14.19.2 Mullvad VPN Services Product Specification
14.19.3 Mullvad VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
14.20 FrootVPN
14.20.1 FrootVPN Company Profile
14.20.2 FrootVPN VPN Services Product Specification
14.20.3 FrootVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Chapter 15 Global VPN Services Market Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1 Global VPN Services Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1.1 Global VPN Services Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.1.2 Global VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2 Global VPN Services Consumption Volume, Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
15.2.1 Global VPN Services Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
15.2.2 Global VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
15.2.3 North America VPN Services Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.4 East Asia VPN Services Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.5 Europe VPN Services Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.6 South Asia VPN Services Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.7 Southeast Asia VPN Services Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.8 Middle East VPN Services Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.9 Africa VPN Services Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.10 Oceania VPN Services Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.2.11 South America VPN Services Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
15.3 Global VPN Services Consumption Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.1 Global VPN Services Consumption Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.2 Global VPN Services Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.3.3 Global VPN Services Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
15.4 Global VPN Services Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
15.5 VPN Services Market Forecast Under COVID-19
Chapter 16 Conclusions
Research Methodology
List of Figure
Figure Product Picture
Figure North America VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure United States VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Canada VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Mexico VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure East Asia VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure China VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Japan VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure South Korea VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Europe VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Germany VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure UK VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure France VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Italy VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Russia VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Spain VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Netherlands VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Switzerland VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Poland VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure South Asia VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure India VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Pakistan VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Bangladesh VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Southeast Asia VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Indonesia VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Thailand VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Singapore VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Malaysia VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Philippines VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Vietnam VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Myanmar VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Middle East VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Turkey VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Saudi Arabia VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Iran VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure United Arab Emirates VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Israel VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Iraq VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Qatar VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Kuwait VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Oman VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Africa VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Nigeria VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure South Africa VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Egypt VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Algeria VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Algeria VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Oceania VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Australia VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure New Zealand VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure South America VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Brazil VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Argentina VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Columbia VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Chile VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Venezuela VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Peru VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Puerto Rico VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Ecuador VPN Services Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2023-2028)
Figure Global VPN Services Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Consumption Volume
Figure Global VPN Services Market Size Analysis from 2023 to 2028 by Value
Table Global VPN Services Price Trends Analysis from 2023 to 2028
Table Global VPN Services Consumption and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global VPN Services Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global VPN Services Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global VPN Services Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global VPN Services Consumption and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Table Global VPN Services Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Table 2017-2022 Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin
Figure 2017-2022 Capacity, Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Revenue, Gross Margin and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Major Manufacturers Capacity and Total Capacity
Table 2017-2022 Major Manufacturers Capacity Market Share
Table 2017-2022 Major Manufacturers Production and Total Production
Table 2017-2022 Major Manufacturers Production Market Share
Table 2017-2022 Major Manufacturers Revenue and Total Revenue
Table 2017-2022 Major Manufacturers Revenue Market Share
Table 2017-2022 Regional Market Capacity and Market Share
Table 2017-2022 Regional Market Production and Market Share
Table 2017-2022 Regional Market Revenue and Market Share
Table 2017-2022 Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin
Figure 2017-2022 Capacity, Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Revenue, Gross Margin and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin
Figure 2017-2022 Capacity, Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Revenue, Gross Margin and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin
Figure 2017-2022 Capacity, Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Revenue, Gross Margin and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin
Figure 2017-2022 Capacity, Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Revenue, Gross Margin and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin
Figure 2017-2022 Capacity, Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Revenue, Gross Margin and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin
Figure 2017-2022 Capacity, Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Revenue, Gross Margin and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin
Figure 2017-2022 Capacity, Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Revenue, Gross Margin and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin
Figure 2017-2022 Capacity, Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Revenue, Gross Margin and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin
Figure 2017-2022 Capacity, Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Revenue, Gross Margin and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Capacity, Production, Capacity Utilization Rate, Ex-Factory Price, Revenue, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin
Figure 2017-2022 Capacity, Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Revenue, Gross Margin and Growth Rate
Table Global VPN Services Consumption by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure Global VPN Services Consumption Share by Regions (2017-2022)
Table North America VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table East Asia VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Europe VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table South Asia VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Southeast Asia VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Middle East VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Africa VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table Oceania VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Table South America VPN Services Sales, Consumption, Export, Import (2017-2022)
Figure North America VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure North America VPN Services Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table North America VPN Services Sales Price Analysis (2017-2022)
Table North America VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
Table North America VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
Table North America VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
Figure United States VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Canada VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Mexico VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure East Asia VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure East Asia VPN Services Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table East Asia VPN Services Sales Price Analysis (2017-2022)
Table East Asia VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
Table East Asia VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
Table East Asia VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
Figure China VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Japan VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure South Korea VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Europe VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Europe VPN Services Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Europe VPN Services Sales Price Analysis (2017-2022)
Table Europe VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
Table Europe VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
Table Europe VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
Figure Germany VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure UK VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure France VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Italy VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Russia VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Spain VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Netherlands VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Switzerland VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Poland VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure South Asia VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure South Asia VPN Services Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table South Asia VPN Services Sales Price Analysis (2017-2022)
Table South Asia VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
Table South Asia VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
Table South Asia VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
Figure India VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Pakistan VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Bangladesh VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Southeast Asia VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia VPN Services Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Southeast Asia VPN Services Sales Price Analysis (2017-2022)
Table Southeast Asia VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
Table Southeast Asia VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
Table Southeast Asia VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
Figure Indonesia VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Thailand VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Singapore VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Malaysia VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Philippines VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Vietnam VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Myanmar VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Middle East VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Middle East VPN Services Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Middle East VPN Services Sales Price Analysis (2017-2022)
Table Middle East VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
Table Middle East VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
Table Middle East VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
Figure Turkey VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Saudi Arabia VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Iran VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure United Arab Emirates VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Israel VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Iraq VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Qatar VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Kuwait VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Oman VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Africa VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Africa VPN Services Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Africa VPN Services Sales Price Analysis (2017-2022)
Table Africa VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
Table Africa VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
Table Africa VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
Figure Nigeria VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure South Africa VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Egypt VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Algeria VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Algeria VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Oceania VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure Oceania VPN Services Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table Oceania VPN Services Sales Price Analysis (2017-2022)
Table Oceania VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
Table Oceania VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
Table Oceania VPN Services Consumption by Top Countries
Figure Australia VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure New Zealand VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure South America VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure South America VPN Services Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Table South America VPN Services Sales Price Analysis (2017-2022)
Table South America VPN Services Consumption Volume by Types
Table South America VPN Services Consumption Structure by Application
Table South America VPN Services Consumption Volume by Major Countries
Figure Brazil VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Argentina VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Columbia VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Chile VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Venezuela VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Peru VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Puerto Rico VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
Figure Ecuador VPN Services Consumption Volume from 2017 to 2022
NordVPN VPN Services Product Specification
NordVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
ZenMate VPN Services Product Specification
ZenMate VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
ExpressVPN VPN Services Product Specification
ExpressVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Perimeter 81 VPN Services Product Specification
Table Perimeter 81 VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Cisco AnyConnect VPN Services Product Specification
Cisco AnyConnect VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Hide.me VPN Services Product Specification
Hide.me VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Norton WiFi Privacy VPN Services Product Specification
Norton WiFi Privacy VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Speedify VPN Services Product Specification
Speedify VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
CyberGhost VPN Services Product Specification
CyberGhost VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
OEM VPN Unlimited VPN Services Product Specification
OEM VPN Unlimited VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
GooseVPN VPN Services Product Specification
GooseVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
VyprVPN VPN Services Product Specification
VyprVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
KeepSolid VPN Lite VPN Services Product Specification
KeepSolid VPN Lite VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Trunkspace PrivateVPN VPN Services Product Specification
Trunkspace PrivateVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
FastestVPN VPN Services Product Specification
FastestVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
ButterflyVPN Router VPN Services Product Specification
ButterflyVPN Router VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
KeepSolid VPN Services Product Specification
KeepSolid VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
ZoogVPN VPN Services Product Specification
ZoogVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Mullvad VPN Services Product Specification
Mullvad VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
FrootVPN VPN Services Product Specification
FrootVPN VPN Services Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Global VPN Services Consumption Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Global VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Table Global VPN Services Consumption Volume Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
Table Global VPN Services Value Forecast by Regions (2023-2028)
Figure North America VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure North America VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure United States VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure United States VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Canada VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Canada VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Mexico VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Mexico VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure East Asia VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure East Asia VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure China VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure China VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Japan VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Japan VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure South Korea VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure South Korea VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Europe VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Europe VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Germany VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Germany VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure UK VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure UK VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure France VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure France VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Italy VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Italy VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Russia VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Russia VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Spain VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Spain VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Netherlands VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Netherlands VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Swizerland VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Swizerland VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Poland VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Poland VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure South Asia VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure South Asia a VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure India VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure India VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Pakistan VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Pakistan VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Bangladesh VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Bangladesh VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Southeast Asia VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Southeast Asia VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Indonesia VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Indonesia VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Thailand VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Thailand VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Singapore VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Singapore VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Malaysia VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Malaysia VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Philippines VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Philippines VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Vietnam VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Vietnam VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Myanmar VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Myanmar VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Middle East VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Middle East VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Turkey VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Turkey VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Saudi Arabia VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Saudi Arabia VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Iran VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Iran VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure United Arab Emirates VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure United Arab Emirates VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Israel VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Israel VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Iraq VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Iraq VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Qatar VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Qatar VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Kuwait VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Kuwait VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Oman VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Oman VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Africa VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Africa VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Nigeria VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Nigeria VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure South Africa VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure South Africa VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Egypt VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Egypt VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Algeria VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Algeria VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Morocco VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Morocco VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Oceania VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Oceania VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Australia VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Australia VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure New Zealand VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure New Zealand VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure South America VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure South America VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Brazil VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Brazil VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Argentina VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Argentina VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Columbia VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Columbia VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Chile VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Chile VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Venezuela VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Venezuela VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Peru VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Peru VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Puerto Rico VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Puerto Rico VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Ecuador VPN Services Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure Ecuador VPN Services Value and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Table Global VPN Services Consumption Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
Table Global VPN Services Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
Figure Global VPN Services Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
Table Global VPN Services Consumption Volume Forecast by Application (2023-2028)