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Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Industry Outlook 2024: Overview, Opportunities, Key Companies and Forecast to 2034


Published on: 2024-01-04 | No of Pages : 320 | Industry : Service & Software

Publisher : GRD Survey | Format : PDF

Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Industry Outlook 2024: Overview, Opportunities, Key Companies and Forecast to 2034

Executive Summary

According to GRD Survey data, the global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies market is estimated at million US$ in 2021 and is expected to million US$ by the end of 2028, growing at a CAGR of % in the forecast period from 2022 to 2028.

This report studies the Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies market dynamics from angles such as new entries, mergers and acquisitions, fundings, exit and major technology breakthroughs. Market performance is evaluated through market size (Million USD) by players, regions, product types and end industries. This report also studies the global market competition landscape, market drivers and trends, opportunities and challenges, risks and entry barriers, sales channels, distributors and Porter's Five Forces Analysis.

Geographically, this report is segmented into several key regions, with revenue, market share and growth Rate of Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies in these regions, from 2016 to 2027, covering
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain and Russia, etc.)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, etc.)
Middle East and Africa (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, etc.)

Market Snapshot, By Product Type
Oil/water Separation
Suspended Solids Removal
Dissolved Solids Removal
Biological Treatment/Nutrient & Metals Recovery
Disinfection/Oxidation
Others

Market Snapshot, By Application
Municipal Water & Wastewater Treatment
Food & Beverage Industry
Pulp & Paper Industry
Healthcare Industry
Other Industries

Main Market Players Analyzed in this report, including
AECOM
Xylem Inc.
WS Atkins plc
Veolia Water Technologies
Tetra Tech Inc.
Suez Environnement S.A.
Solenis
Siemens AG
Severn Tren
Schlumberger Ltd.
Remondis
Paques
Ovivo Water Ltd.
Organo Corp.
Mott Macdonald
Louis Berger
Kurita Water Industries Ltd.
ITT Corporation
IDE Technologies
GE Water & Process Technologies
Evoqua Water Technologies
Ecolab Inc.
DuBois Chemicals Inc.
Dow Water & Process Solutions
Doosan Hydro Technology
CH2M HILL Inc.
Black & Veatch Holding Co.
Aquatech International LLC

The study objectives of this report are
To study and analyze the global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies market size (Million USD) by company, key regions/countries, products and application, history data from 2016 to 2020, and forecast to 2027.
To understand industry structure of Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies market by identifying its various subsegments.
To share detailed information about the key factors influencing the growth of the market (growth potential, opportunities, drivers, industry-specific challenges and risks).
To identify the key global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies manufacturers and regional typical players, to define, describe and analyze their sales volume, value, market share, market competition landscape, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.
To analyze the Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies market with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market.
To project the value and volume of Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).
To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies are as follows
History Year2016-2020
Base Year2020
Estimated Year2021
Forecast Year 2021 to 2027

This report includes the estimation of market size from top-down approach by analyzing major submarkets and their major driving factors, and verified from bottom-up approaches. Key players in the market have been identified through secondary research, and their market shares have been determined through primary and secondary research. All percentage shares, splits, and breakdowns have been determined using secondary sources and verified from primary sources.

For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2020 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.

Key Stakeholders Considered in the study
Raw material vendors
Distributors/traders/wholesalers/suppliers
Regulatory authorities, including government agencies and NGO
Commercial research & development (R&D) institutions
Importers and exporters
Government organizations, research organizations, and consulting firms
Trade/Industrial associations
End-use industries

Table of Content

Table of Contents

1 Market Definition & Scope
1.1 Definition & Scope
1.2 Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Specifications
1.3 Main Events (Entry, M&A, Exit, Technology and Capital Activity)
1.4 Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market Performance and Outlook

2 Market Development Performance under COVID-19
2.1 Influencing Factors of Industry Development in the Next Five Years
2.1.1 Drivers
2.1.2 Restraints
2.1.3 Opportunities
2.2 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
2.3 Comparison of Alternatives and Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies

3 3 Industrial Lift Cycle and Main Buyers Analysis
3.1 Industry Life Cycle Analysis
3.2 Key Buying Industries/Consumers
3.2.1 Major Buyers in Municipal Water & Wastewater Treatment
3.2.2 Major Buyers in Food & Beverage Industry

4 Market Segment: by Type
4.1 Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Type Introduction
4.1.1 Oil/water Separation
4.1.2 Suspended Solids Removal
4.1.3 Dissolved Solids Removal
4.1.4 Biological Treatment/Nutrient & Metals Recovery
4.1.5 Disinfection/Oxidation
4.1.6 Others
4.2 Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue by Type 2016-2021

5 Market Segment: by Application
5.1 Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Type Introduction
5.1.1 Municipal Water & Wastewater Treatment
5.1.2 Food & Beverage Industry
5.1.3 Pulp & Paper Industry
5.1.3 Healthcare Industry
5.1.4 Other Industries
5.2 Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue by Application 2016-2021

6 Marke Segment: by Region
6.1 Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market by Region
6.2 North America Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market 2016-2021
6.3 Europe Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market 2016-2021
6.4 Asia Pacific Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market 2016-2021
6.5 South America Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market 2016-2021
6.6 Middle East and Africa Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market 2016-2021

7 North America
7.1 North America Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market by Country 2016-2021
7.2 United States
7.3 Canada
7.4 Mexico

8 Europe
8.1 Europe Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market by Country 2016-2021
8.2 Germany
8.3 France
8.4 UK
8.5 Italy
8.6 Russia
8.7 Spain

9 Asia Pacific
9.1 Asia Pacific Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market by Country 2016-2021
9.2 China
9.3 Japan
9.4 Korea
9.5 Southeast Asia
9.6 India
9.7 Australia

10 South America
10.1 South America Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market by Country 2016-2021
10.2 Brazil
10.3 Argentina
10.4 Colombia

11 Middle East and Africa
11.1 Middle East and Africa Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market by Country 2016-2021
11.2 Turkey
11.3 Saudi Arabia
11.4 South Africa

12 Key Participants Company Information
12.1 AECOM
12.1.1 AECOM Company Information
12.1.2 AECOM Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
12.1.3 AECOM Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.1.4 AECOM Key Development
12.2 Xylem Inc.
12.2.1 Xylem Inc. Company Information
12.2.2 Xylem Inc. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
12.2.3 Xylem Inc. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.2.4 Xylem Inc. Key Development
12.3 WS Atkins plc
12.3.1 WS Atkins plc Company Information
12.3.2 WS Atkins plc Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
12.3.3 WS Atkins plc Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.3.4 WS Atkins plc Key Development
12.4 Veolia Water Technologies
12.4.1 Veolia Water Technologies Company Information
12.4.2 Veolia Water Technologies Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
12.4.3 Veolia Water Technologies Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.4.4 Veolia Water Technologies Key Development
12.5 Tetra Tech Inc.
12.5.1 Tetra Tech Inc. Company Information
12.5.2 Tetra Tech Inc. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
12.5.3 Tetra Tech Inc. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.5.4 Tetra Tech Inc. Key Development
12.6 Suez Environnement S.A.
12.6.1 Suez Environnement S.A. Company Information
12.6.2 Suez Environnement S.A. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
12.6.3 Suez Environnement S.A. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.6.4 Suez Environnement S.A. Key Development
12.7 Solenis
12.7.1 Solenis Company Information
12.7.2 Solenis Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
12.7.3 Solenis Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.7.4 Suez Environnement S.A. Key Development
12.9 Severn Tren
12.9.1 Severn Tren Company Information
12.9.2 Severn Tren Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
12.9.3 Severn Tren Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.9.4 Severn Tren Key Development
12.8 Siemens AG
12.8.1 Siemens AG Company Information
12.8.2 Siemens AG Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
12.8.3 Siemens AG Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.8.4 Siemens AG Key Development
12.11 Remondis
12.11.1 Remondis Company Information
12.11.2 Remondis Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
12.11.3 Remondis Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.11.4 Remondis Key Development
12.12 Paques
12.12.1 Paques Company Information
12.12.2 Paques Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
12.12.3 Paques Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.12.4 Paques Key Development
12.13 Ovivo Water Ltd.
12.13.1 Ovivo Water Ltd. Company Information
12.13.2 Ovivo Water Ltd. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
12.13.3 Ovivo Water Ltd. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.13.4 Ovivo Water Ltd. Key Development
12.14 Organo Corp.
12.14.1 Organo Corp. Company Information
12.14.2 Organo Corp. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
12.14.3 Organo Corp. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.14.4 Organo Corp. Key Development
12.15 Mott Macdonald
12.15.1 Mott Macdonald Company Information
12.15.2 Mott Macdonald Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
12.15.3 Mott Macdonald Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
12.15.4 Mott Macdonald Key Development
12.17 Kurita Water Industries Ltd.
12.18 ITT Corporation
12.19 IDE Technologies
12.20 GE Water & Process Technologies
12.21 Evoqua Water Technologies
12.22 Ecolab Inc.
12.23 DuBois Chemicals Inc.
12.24 Dow Water & Process Solutions
12.25 Doosan Hydro Technology
12.26 CH2M HILL Inc.
12.27 Black & Veatch Holding Co.
12.28 Aquatech International LLC

13 Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market Forecast by Region by Type and by Application
13.1 Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Forecast 2022-2027
13.2 Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Forecast by Regions
13.3 Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Forecast by Type
13.4 Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Forecast by Application

14 Analyst Views and Conclusions

15 Methodology and Data Source
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Data Source
15.2.1 Secondary Data
15.2.2 Primary Data
15.2.3 Market Size Estimation
15.3 Legal Disclaimer

List of Figure

List of Tables

Table 1: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Production Specifications
Table 2: Drivers in Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market
Table 3: Restraints Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market
Table 4: Opportunity in Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market
Table 5: Comparion of Alternative and Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Table 6: Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Raw Materials Key Suppliers List
Table 7: Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Distributors List
Table 8: Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Major Buyers in Application One
Table 9: Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Major Buyers in Application Two
Table 10: Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Major Buyers in Application Three
Table 11: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Type 2016-2021
Table 12: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Type 2016-2021
Table 18: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Application 2016-2021
Table 19: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Application 2016-2021
Table 20: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Region 2016-2021
Table 21: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Region 2016-2021
Table 22: North America Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Country 2016-2021
Table 23: North America Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Country 2016-2021)
Table 24: Europe Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Country 2016-2021
Table 25: Europe Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Country 2016-2021)
Table 26: Asia Pacific Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Country 2016-2021
Table 27: Asia Pacific Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Country 2016-2021)
Table 28: South America Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Country 2016-2021
Table 29: South America Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Country 2016-2021)
Table 30: Middle East and Africa Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) by Country 2016-2021
Table 31: Middle East and Africa Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Country 2016-2021)
Table 32 AECOM Company Information
Table 33 AECOM Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
Table 34 AECOM Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
Table 35 Xylem Inc. Company Information
Table 36 Xylem Inc. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
Table 37 Xylem Inc. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
Table 38 WS Atkins plc Company Information
Table 39 WS Atkins plc Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
Table 40 WS Atkins plc Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
Table 41 Veolia Water Technologies Company Information
Table 42 Veolia Water Technologies Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
Table 43 Veolia Water Technologies Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
Table 44 Tetra Tech Inc. Company Information
Table 45 Tetra Tech Inc. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
Table 46 Tetra Tech Inc. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
Table 47 Suez Environnement S.A. Company Information
Table 48 Suez Environnement S.A. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
Table 49 Suez Environnement S.A. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
Table 50 Solenis Company Information
Table 51 Solenis Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
Table 52 Solenis Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
Table 53 Siemens AG Company Information
Table 54 Siemens AG Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
Table 55 Siemens AG Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
Table 56 Severn Tren Company Information
Table 57 Severn Tren Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Product Portfolio, Specification and Application
Table 58 Severn Tren Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue and Gross Margin (2019-2021)
Table 59: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table 60: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table 61: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Table 62: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Table 63: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table 64: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2022-2027)


List of Figures

Figure 1: Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Picture
Figure 2: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market Size (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 3: Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Figure 4: Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Industry Life Cycle
Figure 5: Product Picture of Oil/water Separation
Figure 6: Product Picture of Suspended Solids Removal
Figure 9: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Type, 2020
Figure 10: Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies in Municipal Water & Wastewater Treatment
Figure 11: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market: Municipal Water & Wastewater Treatment 2016-2021
Figure 12: Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies in Food & Beverage Industry
Figure 13: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Market: Food & Beverage Industry 2016-2021
Figure 14: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Application, 2020
Figure 15: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Region 2016-2021
Figure 16: North America Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 7: Europe Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 8: Asia Pacific Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 9: South America Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 10: Middle East and Africa Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 11: North America Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure 12: United States Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 13: Canada Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 14: Mexico Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 15: Europe Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure 16: Germany Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 17: France Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 18: UK Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 19: Italy Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 20: Russia Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 21: Spain Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 22: Asia Pacific Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure 23: China Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 24: Japan Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 25: Korea Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 26: Southeast Asia Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 27: India Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 28: Australia Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 29: South America Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure 30: Brazil Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 31: Argentina Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 32: Colombia Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 33: Middle East and Africa Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share by Country, 2020
Figure 34: Turkey Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 35: Saudi Arabia Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 36: South Africa Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Status 2016-2021
Figure 37: AECOM Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure 38: Xylem Inc. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure 39: WS Atkins plc Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure 40: Veolia Water Technologies Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure 41: Tetra Tech Inc. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure 42: Suez Environnement S.A. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure 43: Solenis Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure 44: Siemens AG Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure 45: Severn Tren Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure 46: Schlumberger Ltd. Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue Market Share Globally (2019-2021)
Figure 47: Global Water & Wastewater Treatment Technologies Revenue (Million USD) Forecast (2022-2027)