Global Moissanite Market Status (2016-2024) and Forecast (2024E-2034F) by Region, Product Type & End-Use
Summary
Moissanite is a gemstone born from the stars. It was first discovered in 1893 by a French scientist named Henri Moissan, who later won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He discovered microscopic particles of the gem that would eventually bear his name in Arizona, in a crater created by a meteorite that fell to Earth. He initially thought that he had discovered diamonds, but later determined that the crystals were composed of silicon carbide.
The report forecast global Moissanite market to grow to reach xxx Million USD in 2020 with a CAGR of xx% during the period 2021E-2026F due to coronavirus situation.
The report offers detailed coverage of Moissanite industry and main market trends with impact of coronavirus. The market research includes historical and forecast market data, demand, application details, price trends, and company shares of the leading Moissanite by geography. The report splits the market size, by volume and value, on the basis of application type and geography.
First, this report covers the present status and the future prospects of the global Moissanite market for 2016-2025.
And in this report, we analyze global market from 5 geographiesAsia-Pacific[China, Southeast Asia, India, Japan, Korea, Western Asia], Europe[Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Netherlands, Turkey, Switzerland], North America[United States, Canada, Mexico], Middle East & Africa[GCC, North Africa, South Africa], South America[Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Peru].
At the same time, we classify Moissanite according to the type, application by geography. More importantly, the report includes major countries market based on the type and application.
Finally, the report provides detailed profile and data information analysis of leading Moissanite company.
Key Content of Chapters as follows (Including and can be customized)
Part 1
Market Overview, Development, and Segment by Type, Application & Region
Part 2
Company information, Sales, Cost, Margin etc.
Part 3
Global Market by company, Type, Application & Geography
Part 4
Asia-Pacific Market by Type, Application & Geography
Part 5
Europe Market by Type, Application & Geography
Part 6
North America Market by Type, Application & Geography
Part 7
South America Market by Type, Application & Geography
Part 8
Middle East & Africa Market by Type, Application & Geography
Part 9
Market Features
Part 10
Investment Opportunity
Part 11
Conclusion
Market Segment as follows
By Region
Asia-Pacific[China, Southeast Asia, India, Japan, Korea, Western Asia]
Europe[Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Netherlands, Turkey, Switzerland]
North America[United States, Canada, Mexico]
Middle East & Africa[GCC, North Africa, South Africa]
South America[Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Peru]
Key Companies
Charles & Colvard
Moissanite International
Wholesale Moissanite
Amora
HRB Exports
Viktor Kammerling
Stars Gem
Wuzhou Changsheng Gems
Unimoss
Market by Type
Round Brilliant
Cushion
Square Brilliant
Heart
Others
Market by Application
Rings
Earrings
Pendants
Bracelets
Table of Content
Table of Contents
Part 1 Market Overview
1.1 Market Definition
1.2 Market Development
1.2.1 Current Situation
1.2.2 Aspects of COVID-19 Impact
1.3 By Type
Table Type of Moissanite
Figure Global Moissanite Market Share by Type in 2020
1.4 By Application
Table Application of Moissanite
Figure Global Moissanite Market Share by Application in 2020
1.5 By Region
Figure Global Moissanite Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure Asia Moissanite Market Share by Region in 2020
Part 2 Key Companies
2.1 Charles & Colvard
2.1.1 Company Profile
Table Charles & Colvard Overview List
2.1.2 Products & Services Overview
2.1.3 Sales Data List
Table Moissanite Business Operation of Charles & Colvard (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
2.2 Moissanite International
2.3 Wholesale Moissanite
2.4 Amora
2.5 HRB Exports
2.6 Viktor Kammerling
2.7 Stars Gem
2.8 Wuzhou Changsheng Gems
2.9 Unimoss
Part 3 Global Market Status and Future Forecast
3.1 Global Market by Region
Table Global Moissanite Market by Region, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Global Moissanite Market Share by Region in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Global Moissanite Market by Region, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Global Moissanite Market Share by Region in 2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Region, 2016-2020
3.2 Global Market by Company
Table Global Moissanite Market by Company, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Global Moissanite Market Share by Company in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Global Moissanite Market by Company, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Global Moissanite Market Share by Company in 2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Company, 2016-2020
3.3 Global Market by Type
Table Global Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Global Moissanite Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Global Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Global Moissanite Market Share by Type in 2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2016-2020
3.4 Global Market by Application
Table Global Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Global Moissanite Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Global Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Global Moissanite Market Share by Application in 2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2016-2020
3.5 Global Market by Forecast
Figure Global Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Global Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
Part 4 Asia-Pacific Market Status and Future Forecast
4.1 Asia-Pacific Market by Type
Table Asia-Pacific Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Asia-Pacific Moissanite Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Asia-Pacific Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Moissanite Market Share by Type in 2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2016-2020
4.2 Asia-Pacific Market by Application
Table Asia-Pacific Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Asia-Pacific Moissanite Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Asia-Pacific Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Asia-Pacific Moissanite Market Share by Application in 2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2016-2020
4.3 Asia-Pacific Market by Geography
4.3.1 China Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure China Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure China Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure China Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure China Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
4.3.2 Southeast Asia Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Southeast Asia Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Southeast Asia Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
4.3.3 India Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure India Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure India Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure India Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure India Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
4.3.4 Japan Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Japan Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Japan Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Japan Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
4.3.5 Korea Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Korea Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Korea Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Korea Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Korea Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
4.3.6 Oceania Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Oceania Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Oceania Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Oceania Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Oceania Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Market by Forecast
Figure Asia-Pacific Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Asia-Pacific Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
Part 5 Europe Market Status and Future Forecast
5.1 Europe Market by Type
Table Europe Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Moissanite Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Europe Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Europe Moissanite Market Share by Type in 2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2016-2020
5.2 Europe Market by Application
Table Europe Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Moissanite Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Europe Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Europe Moissanite Market Share by Application in 2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2016-2020
5.3 Europe Market by Geography
5.3.1 Germany Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Germany Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Germany Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Germany Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Germany Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
5.3.2 UK Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure UK Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure UK Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure UK Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure UK Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
5.3.3 France Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure France Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure France Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure France Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure France Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
5.3.4 Italy Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Italy Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Italy Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Italy Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Italy Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
5.3.5 Russia Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Russia Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Russia Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Russia Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Russia Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
5.3.6 Spain Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Spain Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Spain Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Spain Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Spain Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
5.3.6 Netherlands Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Netherlands Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Netherlands Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Netherlands Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Netherlands Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
5.3.7 Turkey Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Turkey Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Turkey Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Turkey Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Turkey Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
5.3.6 Switzerland Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Switzerland Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Switzerland Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Switzerland Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Switzerland Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
5.4 Europe Market by Forecast
Figure Europe Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Europe Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
Part 6 North America Market Status and Future Forecast
6.1 North America Market by Type
Table North America Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure North America Moissanite Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table North America Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure North America Moissanite Market Share by Type in 2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2016-2020
6.2 North America Market by Application
Table North America Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure North America Moissanite Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table North America Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure North America Moissanite Market Share by Application in 2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2016-2020
6.3 North America Market by Geography
6.3.1 United States Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure United States Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure United States Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure United States Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure United States Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
6.3.2 Canada Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Canada Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Canada Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Canada Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Canada Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
6.3.3 Mexico Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Mexico Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Mexico Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Mexico Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Mexico Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
6.4 North America Market by Forecast
Figure North America Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure North America Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
Part 7 South America Market Status and Future Forecast
7.1 South America Market by Type
Table South America Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure South America Moissanite Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table South America Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure South America Moissanite Market Share by Type in 2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2016-2020
7.2 South America Market by Application
Table South America Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure South America Moissanite Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table South America Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure South America Moissanite Market Share by Application in 2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2016-2020
7.3 South America Market by Geography
7.3.1 Brazil Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Brazil Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Brazil Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Brazil Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Brazil Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
7.3.2 Argentina Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Argentina Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Argentina Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Argentina Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Argentina Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
7.3.3 Columbia Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Columbia Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Columbia Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Columbia Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Columbia Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
7.3.4 Chile Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Chile Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Chile Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Chile Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Chile Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
7.3.5 Peru Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure Peru Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Peru Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Peru Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Peru Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
7.4 South America Market by Forecast
Figure South America Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure South America Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
Part 8 Middle East & Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
8.1 Middle East & Africa Market by Type
Table Middle East & Africa Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Middle East & Africa Moissanite Market Share by Type in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Middle East & Africa Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Moissanite Market Share by Type in 2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2016-2020
8.2 Middle East & Africa Market by Application
Table Middle East & Africa Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure Middle East & Africa Moissanite Market Share by Application in 2020 (Million USD)
Table Middle East & Africa Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure Middle East & Africa Moissanite Market Share by Application in 2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2016-2020
8.3 Middle East & Africa Market by Geography
8.3.1 GCC Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure GCC Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure GCC Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure GCC Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure GCC Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
8.3.2 North Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure North Africa Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure North Africa Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure North Africa Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure North Africa Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
8.3.3 South Africa Market Status and Future Forecast
Figure South Africa Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Figure South Africa Moissanite Market Market Status, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Figure South Africa Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure South Africa Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
8.4 Middle East & Africa Market by Forecast
Figure Middle East & Africa Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Million USD)
Figure Middle East & Africa Moissanite Market Forecast, 2021E-2026F (Volume)
Part 9 Market Features
9.1 Product Features
9.2 Price Features
9.3 Channel Features
9.4 Purchasing Features
Part 10 Investment Opportunity
10.1 Regional Investment Opportunity
10.2 Industry Investment Opportunity
PART 11 Coronavirus Impact
11.1 Impact on Industry Upstream
11.2 Impact on Industry Downstream
11.3 Impact on Industry Channels
11.4 Impact on Industry Competition
11.5 Impact on Industry Obtain Employment
Part 12 Conclusion
List of Figure
List of Table
Table Type of Moissanite
Table Application of Moissanite
Table Charles & Colvard Overview List
Table Moissanite Business Operation of Charles & Colvard (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Consumer Goods Business Operation of Moissanite International (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Business Operation of Wholesale Moissanite (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Volume Business Operation of Amora (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table xxx Business Operation of HRB Exports (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table xx% Business Operation of Viktor Kammerling (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table 9 Business Operation of Stars Gem (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table 5 Business Operation of Wuzhou Changsheng Gems (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table 0 Business Operation of Unimoss (Sales Revenue, Sales Volume, Price, Cost, Gross Margin)
Table Global Moissanite Market by Region, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Global Moissanite Market by Region, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Region, 2016-2020
Table Global Moissanite Market by Company, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Global Moissanite Market by Company, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Company, 2016-2020
Table Global Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Global Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2016-2020
Table Global Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Global Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2016-2020
Table Asia-Pacific Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Asia-Pacific Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2016-2020
Table Asia-Pacific Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Asia-Pacific Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2016-2020
Table Europe Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Europe Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2016-2020
Table Europe Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Europe Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2016-2020
Table North America Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table North America Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2016-2020
Table North America Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table North America Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2016-2020
Table South America Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table South America Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2016-2020
Table South America Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table South America Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2016-2020
Table Middle East & Africa Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Middle East & Africa Moissanite Market by Type, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Type, 2016-2020
Table Middle East & Africa Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Million USD)
Table Middle East & Africa Moissanite Market by Application, 2016-2020 (Volume)
Table Price List by Application, 2016-2020
Electronic and Semiconductor
Food and Beverages
Chemicals and Materials
Consumer Goods
Construction Manufacturing
Aerospace and Defence
Energy and Power
ICT Media
Banking and Finance
Automotive and Transportation
Machinery and Equipments
Pharmaceutical and Healthcare
Medical Devices