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Global Car Cooler Market Research Report 2024


Published on: 2024-01-04 | No of Pages : 90 | Industry : Automobile & Transportation

Publisher : q | Format : PDF

Global Car Cooler Market Research Report 2024

The research report includes specific segments by region (country), by manufacturers, by Type and by Application. Each type provides information about the production during the forecast period of 2016 to 2027. by Application segment also provides consumption during the forecast period of 2016 to 2027. Understanding the segments helps in identifying the importance of different factors that aid the market growth.

Segment by Type
Plate and Fin Cooler
Tube and Fin Cooler


Segment by Application


Passenger Vehicle
Commercial Vehicle




By Company


Chevron Corporation
Cummins Filtration
Gallay
Hayden Automotive
NENGUN
Calsonic Kansei

Production by Region


North America
Europe
China
Japan
South Korea
India

Consumption by Region


North America
U.S.
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Australia
Taiwan
Indonesia
Thailand
Malaysia
Philippines
Vietnam
Latin America
Mexico
Brazil
Argentina
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
UAE

Table of Content

1 Car Cooler Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Car Cooler
1.2 Car Cooler Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Car Cooler Market Size Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2021 VS 2027
1.2.2 Plate and Fin Cooler
1.2.3 Tube and Fin Cooler
1.3 Car Cooler Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Car Cooler Consumption Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
1.3.2 Passenger Vehicle
1.3.3 Commercial Vehicle
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Car Cooler Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.4.2 Global Car Cooler Production Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5 Global Car Cooler Market by Region
1.5.1 Global Car Cooler Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
1.5.2 North America Car Cooler Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.3 Europe Car Cooler Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.5 China Car Cooler Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.5 Japan Car Cooler Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.6 South Korea Car Cooler Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.7 India Car Cooler Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)

2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Car Cooler Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.2 Global Car Cooler Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.3 Car Cooler Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.4 Global Car Cooler Average Price by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.5 Manufacturers Car Cooler Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types
2.6 Car Cooler Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.6.1 Car Cooler Market Concentration Rate
2.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Car Cooler Players Market Share by Revenue
2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Production and Capacity by Region
3.1 Global Production of Car Cooler Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.2 Global Car Cooler Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.3 Global Car Cooler Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.4 North America Car Cooler Production
3.4.1 North America Car Cooler Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.4.2 North America Car Cooler Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.5 Europe Car Cooler Production
3.5.1 Europe Car Cooler Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.5.2 Europe Car Cooler Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.6 China Car Cooler Production
3.6.1 China Car Cooler Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.6.2 China Car Cooler Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.7 Japan Car Cooler Production
3.7.1 Japan Car Cooler Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.7.2 Japan Car Cooler Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.8 South Korea Car Cooler Production
3.8.1 South Korea Car Cooler Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.8.2 South Korea Car Cooler Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.9 India Car Cooler Production
3.9.1 India Car Cooler Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.9.2 India Car Cooler Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)

4 Global Car Cooler Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Car Cooler Consumption by Region
4.1.1 Global Car Cooler Consumption by Region
4.1.2 Global Car Cooler Consumption Market Share by Region
4.2 North America
4.2.1 North America Car Cooler Consumption by Country
4.2.2 U.S.
4.2.3 Canada
4.3 Europe
4.3.1 Europe Car Cooler Consumption by Country
4.3.2 Germany
4.3.3 France
4.3.4 U.K.
4.3.5 Italy
4.3.6 Russia
4.4 Asia Pacific
4.4.1 Asia Pacific Car Cooler Consumption by Region
4.4.2 China
4.4.3 Japan
4.4.4 South Korea
4.4.5 Taiwan
4.4.6 Southeast Asia
4.4.7 India
4.4.8 Australia
4.5 Latin America
4.5.1 Latin America Car Cooler Consumption by Country
4.5.2 Mexico
4.5.3 Brazil

5 Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type
5.1 Global Car Cooler Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
5.2 Global Car Cooler Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
5.3 Global Car Cooler Price by Type (2016-2021)

6 Consumption Analysis by Application
6.1 Global Car Cooler Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
6.2 Global Car Cooler Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)

7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 Chevron Corporation
7.1.1 Chevron Corporation Car Cooler Corporation Information
7.1.2 Chevron Corporation Car Cooler Product Portfolio
7.1.3 Chevron Corporation Car Cooler Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.1.4 Chevron Corporation Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 Chevron Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 Cummins Filtration
7.2.1 Cummins Filtration Car Cooler Corporation Information
7.2.2 Cummins Filtration Car Cooler Product Portfolio
7.2.3 Cummins Filtration Car Cooler Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.2.4 Cummins Filtration Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 Cummins Filtration Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 Gallay
7.3.1 Gallay Car Cooler Corporation Information
7.3.2 Gallay Car Cooler Product Portfolio
7.3.3 Gallay Car Cooler Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.3.4 Gallay Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 Gallay Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 Hayden Automotive
7.4.1 Hayden Automotive Car Cooler Corporation Information
7.4.2 Hayden Automotive Car Cooler Product Portfolio
7.4.3 Hayden Automotive Car Cooler Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.4.4 Hayden Automotive Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 Hayden Automotive Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 NENGUN
7.5.1 NENGUN Car Cooler Corporation Information
7.5.2 NENGUN Car Cooler Product Portfolio
7.5.3 NENGUN Car Cooler Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.5.4 NENGUN Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 NENGUN Recent Developments/Updates
7.6 Calsonic Kansei
7.6.1 Calsonic Kansei Car Cooler Corporation Information
7.6.2 Calsonic Kansei Car Cooler Product Portfolio
7.6.3 Calsonic Kansei Car Cooler Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.6.4 Calsonic Kansei Main Business and Markets Served
7.6.5 Calsonic Kansei Recent Developments/Updates

8 Car Cooler Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 Car Cooler Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend
8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Car Cooler
8.4 Car Cooler Industrial Chain Analysis

9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
9.1 Marketing Channel
9.2 Car Cooler Distributors List
9.3 Car Cooler Customers

10 Market Dynamics
10.1 Car Cooler Industry Trends
10.2 Car Cooler Growth Drivers
10.3 Car Cooler Market Challenges
10.4 Car Cooler Market Restraints

11 Production and Supply Forecast
11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Car Cooler by Region (2022-2027)
11.2 North America Car Cooler Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.3 Europe Car Cooler Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.4 China Car Cooler Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.5 Japan Car Cooler Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.6 South Korea Car Cooler Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.7 India Car Cooler Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)

12 Consumption and Demand Forecast
12.1 Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Car Cooler
12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Car Cooler by Country
12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Car Cooler by Country
12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Car Cooler by Region
12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Car Cooler by Country
13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2022-2027)
13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Car Cooler by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Car Cooler by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Car Cooler by Type (2022-2027)
13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Car Cooler by Application (2022-2027)
14 Research Finding and Conclusion

15 Methodology and Data Source
15.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.1 Research Programs/Design
15.1.2 Market Size Estimation
15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
15.2 Data Source
15.2.1 Secondary Sources
15.2.2 Primary Sources
15.3 Author List
15.4 Disclaimer

List of Figure

List of Tables
Table 1. Global Car Cooler Market Size by Type (K Units) & (US$ Million) (2021 VS 2027)
Table 2. Global Car Cooler Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Table 3. Car Cooler Market Size Comparison by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Table 4. Global Car Cooler Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers
Table 5. Global Car Cooler Production (K Units) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 6. Global Car Cooler Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 7. Global Car Cooler Revenue (US$ Million) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 8. Global Car Cooler Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Car Cooler as of 2020)
Table 10. Global Market Car Cooler Average Price (US$/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 11. Manufacturers Car Cooler Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Car Cooler Product Types
Table 13. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 14. Global Car Cooler Production (K Units) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 15. Global Car Cooler Production (K Units) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 16. Global Car Cooler Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 17. Global Car Cooler Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 18. Global Car Cooler Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 19. North America Car Cooler Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 20. Europe Car Cooler Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 21. China Car Cooler Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 22. Japan Car Cooler Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 23. South Korea Car Cooler Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 24. India Car Cooler Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 25. Global Car Cooler Consumption Market by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 26. Global Car Cooler Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 27. North America Car Cooler Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 28. Europe Car Cooler Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 29. Asia Pacific Car Cooler Consumption by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 30. Latin America Car Cooler Consumption by Countries (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 31. Global Car Cooler Production (K Units) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 32. Global Car Cooler Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 33. Global Car Cooler Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 34. Global Car Cooler Revenue Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 35. Global Car Cooler Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 36. Global Car Cooler Consumption by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 37. Global Car Cooler Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 38. Global Car Cooler Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
Table 39. Chevron Corporation Car Cooler Corporation Information
Table 40. Chevron Corporation Specification and Application
Table 41. Chevron Corporation Car Cooler Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 42. Chevron Corporation Main Business and Markets Served
Table 43. Chevron Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
Table 44. Cummins Filtration Car Cooler Corporation Information
Table 45. Cummins Filtration Specification and Application
Table 46. Cummins Filtration Car Cooler Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 47. Cummins Filtration Main Business and Markets Served
Table 48. Cummins Filtration Recent Developments/Updates
Table 49. Gallay Car Cooler Corporation Information
Table 50. Gallay Specification and Application
Table 51. Gallay Car Cooler Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 52. Gallay Main Business and Markets Served
Table 53. Gallay Recent Developments/Updates
Table 54. Hayden Automotive Car Cooler Corporation Information
Table 55. Hayden Automotive Specification and Application
Table 56. Hayden Automotive Car Cooler Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 57. Hayden Automotive Main Business and Markets Served
Table 58. Hayden Automotive Recent Developments/Updates
Table 59. NENGUN Car Cooler Corporation Information
Table 60. NENGUN Specification and Application
Table 61. NENGUN Car Cooler Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 62. NENGUN Main Business and Markets Served
Table 63. NENGUN Recent Developments/Updates
Table 64. Calsonic Kansei Car Cooler Corporation Information
Table 65. Calsonic Kansei Specification and Application
Table 66. Calsonic Kansei Car Cooler Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 67. Calsonic Kansei Main Business and Markets Served
Table 68. Calsonic Kansei Recent Developments/Updates
Table 69. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Table 70. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table 71. Car Cooler Distributors List
Table 72. Car Cooler Customers List
Table 73. Car Cooler Market Trends
Table 74. Car Cooler Growth Drivers
Table 75. Car Cooler Market Challenges
Table 76. Car Cooler Market Restraints
Table 77. Global Car Cooler Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table 78. North America Car Cooler Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 79. Europe Car Cooler Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 80. Asia Pacific Car Cooler Consumption Forecast by Region (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 81. Latin America Car Cooler Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 82. Global Car Cooler Production Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 83. Global Car Cooler Revenue Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million)
Table 84. Global Car Cooler Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (US$/Unit)
Table 85. Global Car Cooler Consumption (K Units) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table 86. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 87. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 88. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Car Cooler
Figure 2. Global Car Cooler Market Share by Type: 2020 VS 2027
Figure 3. Plate and Fin Cooler Product Picture
Figure 4. Tube and Fin Cooler Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Car Cooler Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2027
Figure 6. Passenger Vehicle
Figure 7. Commercial Vehicle
Figure 8. Global Car Cooler Revenue (US$ Million), 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Figure 9. Global Car Cooler Revenue (US$ Million) (2016-2027)
Figure 10. Global Car Cooler Production Capacity (K Units) & (2016-2027)
Figure 11. Global Car Cooler Production (K Units) & (2016-2027)
Figure 12. North America Car Cooler Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 13. Europe Car Cooler Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 14. China Car Cooler Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 15. Japan Car Cooler Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 16. South Korea Car Cooler Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 17. India Car Cooler Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 18. Car Cooler Production Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 19. Global Car Cooler Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 20. Car Cooler Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2016 VS 2020
Figure 21. Global Market Car Cooler Average Price (US$/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 22. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Car Cooler Revenue in 2020
Figure 23. Global Car Cooler Production Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 24. North America Car Cooler Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 25. Europe Car Cooler Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 26. China Car Cooler Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 27. Japan Car Cooler Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 28. South Korea Car Cooler Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 29. India Car Cooler Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 30. Global Car Cooler Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 31. Global Car Cooler Consumption Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 32. North America Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 33. North America Car Cooler Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 34. Canada Car Cooler Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 35. U.S. Car Cooler Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 36. Europe Car Cooler Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 37. Europe Car Cooler Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 38. Germany America Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 39. France Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 40. U.K. Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 41. Italy Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 42. Russia Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 44. Asia Pacific Car Cooler Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2020
Figure 45. China Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 46. Japan Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 47. South Korea Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 48. Taiwan Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 49. Southeast Asia Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 50. India Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 51. Australia Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Latin America Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 53. Latin America Car Cooler Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 54. Mexico Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 55. Brazil Car Cooler Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 56. Production Market Share of Car Cooler by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 57. Production Market Share of Car Cooler by Type in 2020
Figure 58. Revenue Share of Car Cooler by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 59. Revenue Market Share of Car Cooler by Type in 2020
Figure 60. Global Car Cooler Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 61. Global Car Cooler Consumption Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 62. Global Car Cooler Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 63. Key Raw Materials Price Trend
Figure 64. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Car Cooler
Figure 65. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Car Cooler
Figure 66. Car Cooler Industrial Chain Analysis
Figure 67. Channels of Distribution
Figure 68. Distributors Profiles
Figure 69. Global Car Cooler Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Figure 70. North America Car Cooler Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 71. Europe Car Cooler Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 72. China Car Cooler Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 73. Japan Car Cooler Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 74. South Korea Car Cooler Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 75. India Car Cooler Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 76. Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Car Cooler (2015-2027) & (K Units)
Figure 77. Global Car Cooler Production Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Figure 78. Global Car Cooler Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Figure 79. Global Car Cooler Consumption Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Figure 80. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 81. Data Triangulation