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Global Direct Imaging System Market Research Report 2024


Published on: 2024-01-04 | No of Pages : 144 | Industry : Machinery & Equipment

Publisher : QY | Format : PDF

Global Direct Imaging System Market Research Report 2024

The research report includes specific segments by region (country), by manufacturers, by Type and by Application. Each type provides information about the production during the forecast period of 2016 to 2027. by Application segment also provides consumption during the forecast period of 2016 to 2027. Understanding the segments helps in identifying the importance of different factors that aid the market growth.

Segment by Type
Laser Type
UV-LED Type


Segment by Application


PCB
Solder Mask




By Company


Orbotech
SCREEN
Limata
MIVA Technologies
Manz AG
Schmoll Maschinen GmbH
Agilent

Production by Region


North America
Europe
China
Japan

Consumption by Region


North America
U.S.
Canada
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Australia
Taiwan
Indonesia
Thailand
Malaysia
Philippines
Vietnam
Latin America
Mexico
Brazil
Argentina
Middle East & Africa
Turkey
Saudi Arabia
U.A.E

Table of Content

1 Direct Imaging System Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Direct Imaging System
1.2 Direct Imaging System Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Direct Imaging System Market Size Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2021 VS 2027
1.2.2 Laser Type
1.2.3 UV-LED Type
1.3 Direct Imaging System Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Direct Imaging System Consumption Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
1.3.2 PCB
1.3.3 Solder Mask
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global Direct Imaging System Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.4.2 Global Direct Imaging System Production Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5 Global Direct Imaging System Market by Region
1.5.1 Global Direct Imaging System Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
1.5.2 North America Direct Imaging System Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.3 Europe Direct Imaging System Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.5 China Direct Imaging System Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)
1.5.5 Japan Direct Imaging System Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027)

2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Direct Imaging System Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.2 Global Direct Imaging System Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.3 Direct Imaging System Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.4 Global Direct Imaging System Average Price by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
2.5 Manufacturers Direct Imaging System Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types
2.6 Direct Imaging System Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.6.1 Direct Imaging System Market Concentration Rate
2.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Direct Imaging System Players Market Share by Revenue
2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 Production and Capacity by Region
3.1 Global Production of Direct Imaging System Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.2 Global Direct Imaging System Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
3.3 Global Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.4 North America Direct Imaging System Production
3.4.1 North America Direct Imaging System Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.4.2 North America Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.5 Europe Direct Imaging System Production
3.5.1 Europe Direct Imaging System Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.5.2 Europe Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.6 China Direct Imaging System Production
3.6.1 China Direct Imaging System Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.6.2 China Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
3.7 Japan Direct Imaging System Production
3.7.1 Japan Direct Imaging System Production Growth Rate (2016-2021)
3.7.2 Japan Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)

4 Global Direct Imaging System Consumption by Region
4.1 Global Direct Imaging System Consumption by Region
4.1.1 Global Direct Imaging System Consumption by Region
4.1.2 Global Direct Imaging System Consumption Market Share by Region
4.2 North America
4.2.1 North America Direct Imaging System Consumption by Country
4.2.2 U.S.
4.2.3 Canada
4.3 Europe
4.3.1 Europe Direct Imaging System Consumption by Country
4.3.2 Germany
4.3.3 France
4.3.4 U.K.
4.3.5 Italy
4.3.6 Russia
4.4 Asia Pacific
4.4.1 Asia Pacific Direct Imaging System Consumption by Region
4.4.2 China
4.4.3 Japan
4.4.4 South Korea
4.4.5 Taiwan
4.4.6 Southeast Asia
4.4.7 India
4.4.8 Australia
4.5 Latin America
4.5.1 Latin America Direct Imaging System Consumption by Country
4.5.2 Mexico
4.5.3 Brazil

5 Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type
5.1 Global Direct Imaging System Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
5.2 Global Direct Imaging System Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
5.3 Global Direct Imaging System Price by Type (2016-2021)

6 Consumption Analysis by Application
6.1 Global Direct Imaging System Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
6.2 Global Direct Imaging System Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)

7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 Orbotech
7.1.1 Orbotech Direct Imaging System Corporation Information
7.1.2 Orbotech Direct Imaging System Product Portfolio
7.1.3 Orbotech Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.1.4 Orbotech Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 Orbotech Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 SCREEN
7.2.1 SCREEN Direct Imaging System Corporation Information
7.2.2 SCREEN Direct Imaging System Product Portfolio
7.2.3 SCREEN Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.2.4 SCREEN Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 SCREEN Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 Limata
7.3.1 Limata Direct Imaging System Corporation Information
7.3.2 Limata Direct Imaging System Product Portfolio
7.3.3 Limata Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.3.4 Limata Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 Limata Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 MIVA Technologies
7.4.1 MIVA Technologies Direct Imaging System Corporation Information
7.4.2 MIVA Technologies Direct Imaging System Product Portfolio
7.4.3 MIVA Technologies Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.4.4 MIVA Technologies Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 MIVA Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 Manz AG
7.5.1 Manz AG Direct Imaging System Corporation Information
7.5.2 Manz AG Direct Imaging System Product Portfolio
7.5.3 Manz AG Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.5.4 Manz AG Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 Manz AG Recent Developments/Updates
7.6 Schmoll Maschinen GmbH
7.6.1 Schmoll Maschinen GmbH Direct Imaging System Corporation Information
7.6.2 Schmoll Maschinen GmbH Direct Imaging System Product Portfolio
7.6.3 Schmoll Maschinen GmbH Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.6.4 Schmoll Maschinen GmbH Main Business and Markets Served
7.6.5 Schmoll Maschinen GmbH Recent Developments/Updates
7.7 Agilent
7.7.1 Agilent Direct Imaging System Corporation Information
7.7.2 Agilent Direct Imaging System Product Portfolio
7.7.3 Agilent Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
7.7.4 Agilent Main Business and Markets Served
7.7.5 Agilent Recent Developments/Updates

8 Direct Imaging System Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 Direct Imaging System Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend
8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Direct Imaging System
8.4 Direct Imaging System Industrial Chain Analysis

9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
9.1 Marketing Channel
9.2 Direct Imaging System Distributors List
9.3 Direct Imaging System Customers

10 Market Dynamics
10.1 Direct Imaging System Industry Trends
10.2 Direct Imaging System Growth Drivers
10.3 Direct Imaging System Market Challenges
10.4 Direct Imaging System Market Restraints

11 Production and Supply Forecast
11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Direct Imaging System by Region (2022-2027)
11.2 North America Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.3 Europe Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.4 China Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
11.5 Japan Direct Imaging System Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)

12 Consumption and Demand Forecast
12.1 Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Direct Imaging System
12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Direct Imaging System by Country
12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Direct Imaging System by Country
12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Direct Imaging System by Region
12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Direct Imaging System by Country
13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2022-2027)
13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Direct Imaging System by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Direct Imaging System by Type (2022-2027)
13.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Direct Imaging System by Type (2022-2027)
13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Direct Imaging System by Application (2022-2027)
14 Research Finding and Conclusion

15 Methodology and Data Source
15.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.1 Research Programs/Design
15.1.2 Market Size Estimation
15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
15.2 Data Source
15.2.1 Secondary Sources
15.2.2 Primary Sources
15.3 Author List
15.4 Disclaimer

List of Figure

List of Tables
Table 1. Global Direct Imaging System Market Size by Type (K Units) & (US$ Million) (2021 VS 2027)
Table 2. Global Direct Imaging System Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Table 3. Direct Imaging System Market Size Comparison by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Table 4. Global Direct Imaging System Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers
Table 5. Global Direct Imaging System Production (K Units) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 6. Global Direct Imaging System Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 7. Global Direct Imaging System Revenue (US$ Million) by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 8. Global Direct Imaging System Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Direct Imaging System as of 2020)
Table 10. Global Market Direct Imaging System Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2016-2021)
Table 11. Manufacturers Direct Imaging System Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Direct Imaging System Product Types
Table 13. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 14. Global Direct Imaging System Production (K Units) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 15. Global Direct Imaging System Production (K Units) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 16. Global Direct Imaging System Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2016-2021)
Table 17. Global Direct Imaging System Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 18. Global Direct Imaging System Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 19. North America Direct Imaging System Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 20. Europe Direct Imaging System Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 21. China Direct Imaging System Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 22. Japan Direct Imaging System Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 23. Global Direct Imaging System Consumption Market by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 24. Global Direct Imaging System Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Table 25. North America Direct Imaging System Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 26. Europe Direct Imaging System Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 27. Asia Pacific Direct Imaging System Consumption by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 28. Latin America Direct Imaging System Consumption by Countries (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 29. Global Direct Imaging System Production (K Units) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 30. Global Direct Imaging System Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 31. Global Direct Imaging System Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 32. Global Direct Imaging System Revenue Share by Type (2016-2021)
Table 33. Global Direct Imaging System Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2016-2021)
Table 34. Global Direct Imaging System Consumption by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Table 35. Global Direct Imaging System Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Table 36. Global Direct Imaging System Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
Table 37. Orbotech Direct Imaging System Corporation Information
Table 38. Orbotech Specification and Application
Table 39. Orbotech Direct Imaging System Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 40. Orbotech Main Business and Markets Served
Table 41. Orbotech Recent Developments/Updates
Table 42. SCREEN Direct Imaging System Corporation Information
Table 43. SCREEN Specification and Application
Table 44. SCREEN Direct Imaging System Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 45. SCREEN Main Business and Markets Served
Table 46. SCREEN Recent Developments/Updates
Table 47. Limata Direct Imaging System Corporation Information
Table 48. Limata Specification and Application
Table 49. Limata Direct Imaging System Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 50. Limata Main Business and Markets Served
Table 51. Limata Recent Developments/Updates
Table 52. MIVA Technologies Direct Imaging System Corporation Information
Table 53. MIVA Technologies Specification and Application
Table 54. MIVA Technologies Direct Imaging System Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 55. MIVA Technologies Main Business and Markets Served
Table 56. MIVA Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
Table 57. Manz AG Direct Imaging System Corporation Information
Table 58. Manz AG Specification and Application
Table 59. Manz AG Direct Imaging System Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 60. Manz AG Main Business and Markets Served
Table 61. Manz AG Recent Developments/Updates
Table 62. Schmoll Maschinen GmbH Direct Imaging System Corporation Information
Table 63. Schmoll Maschinen GmbH Specification and Application
Table 64. Schmoll Maschinen GmbH Direct Imaging System Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 65. Schmoll Maschinen GmbH Main Business and Markets Served
Table 66. Schmoll Maschinen GmbH Recent Developments/Updates
Table 67. Agilent Direct Imaging System Corporation Information
Table 68. Agilent Specification and Application
Table 69. Agilent Direct Imaging System Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021)
Table 70. Agilent Main Business and Markets Served
Table 71. Agilent Recent Developments/Updates
Table 72. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Table 73. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table 74. Direct Imaging System Distributors List
Table 75. Direct Imaging System Customers List
Table 76. Direct Imaging System Market Trends
Table 77. Direct Imaging System Growth Drivers
Table 78. Direct Imaging System Market Challenges
Table 79. Direct Imaging System Market Restraints
Table 80. Global Direct Imaging System Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Table 81. North America Direct Imaging System Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 82. Europe Direct Imaging System Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 83. Asia Pacific Direct Imaging System Consumption Forecast by Region (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 84. Latin America Direct Imaging System Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 85. Global Direct Imaging System Production Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (K Units)
Table 86. Global Direct Imaging System Revenue Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million)
Table 87. Global Direct Imaging System Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (USD/Unit)
Table 88. Global Direct Imaging System Consumption (K Units) Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Table 89. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 90. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 91. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of Figures
Figure 1. Product Picture of Direct Imaging System
Figure 2. Global Direct Imaging System Market Share by Type: 2020 VS 2027
Figure 3. Laser Type Product Picture
Figure 4. UV-LED Type Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Direct Imaging System Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2027
Figure 6. PCB
Figure 7. Solder Mask
Figure 8. Global Direct Imaging System Revenue (US$ Million), 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027
Figure 9. Global Direct Imaging System Revenue (US$ Million) (2016-2027)
Figure 10. Global Direct Imaging System Production Capacity (K Units) & (2016-2027)
Figure 11. Global Direct Imaging System Production (K Units) & (2016-2027)
Figure 12. North America Direct Imaging System Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 13. Europe Direct Imaging System Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 14. China Direct Imaging System Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 15. Japan Direct Imaging System Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027)
Figure 16. Direct Imaging System Production Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 17. Global Direct Imaging System Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 18. Direct Imaging System Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2016 VS 2020
Figure 19. Global Market Direct Imaging System Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2020
Figure 20. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Direct Imaging System Revenue in 2020
Figure 21. Global Direct Imaging System Production Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 22. North America Direct Imaging System Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 23. Europe Direct Imaging System Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 24. China Direct Imaging System Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 25. Japan Direct Imaging System Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021)
Figure 26. Global Direct Imaging System Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021)
Figure 27. Global Direct Imaging System Consumption Market Share by Region in 2020
Figure 28. North America Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 29. North America Direct Imaging System Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 30. Canada Direct Imaging System Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 31. U.S. Direct Imaging System Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 32. Europe Direct Imaging System Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 33. Europe Direct Imaging System Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 34. Germany America Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 35. France Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 36. U.K. Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 37. Italy Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 38. Russia Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 39. Asia Pacific Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 40. Asia Pacific Direct Imaging System Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2020
Figure 41. China Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 42. Japan Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 43. South Korea Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 44. Taiwan Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 45. Southeast Asia Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 46. India Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 47. Australia Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 48. Latin America Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 49. Latin America Direct Imaging System Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020
Figure 50. Mexico Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 51. Brazil Direct Imaging System Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Production Market Share of Direct Imaging System by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 53. Production Market Share of Direct Imaging System by Type in 2020
Figure 54. Revenue Share of Direct Imaging System by Type (2016-2021)
Figure 55. Revenue Market Share of Direct Imaging System by Type in 2020
Figure 56. Global Direct Imaging System Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 57. Global Direct Imaging System Consumption Market Share by Application in 2020
Figure 58. Global Direct Imaging System Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021)
Figure 59. Key Raw Materials Price Trend
Figure 60. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Direct Imaging System
Figure 61. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Direct Imaging System
Figure 62. Direct Imaging System Industrial Chain Analysis
Figure 63. Channels of Distribution
Figure 64. Distributors Profiles
Figure 65. Global Direct Imaging System Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2022-2027)
Figure 66. North America Direct Imaging System Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 67. Europe Direct Imaging System Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 68. China Direct Imaging System Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 69. Japan Direct Imaging System Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure 70. Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Direct Imaging System (2015-2027) & (K Units)
Figure 71. Global Direct Imaging System Production Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Figure 72. Global Direct Imaging System Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
Figure 73. Global Direct Imaging System Consumption Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
Figure 74. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 75. Data Triangulation